Amasignali wamagagasi wemilimitha ahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa obanzi kanye namazinga edatha aphezulu kunamasiginali aphansi. Bheka lonke iketango lesiginali phakathi kwe-antenna ne-digital baseband.
Umsakazo omusha we-5G (5G NR) wengeza amaza amaza ama-millimeter kumadivayisi amaselula namanethiwekhi. Kanye nalokhu kufika iketango lesignali ye-RF-to-baseband kanye nezingxenye ezingadingeki kumafrikhwensi angaphansi kuka-6 GHz. Ngenkathi amaza amaza amamilimitha ngokobuchwepheshe athatha ibanga ukusuka ku-30 kuye ku-300 GHz, ngezinjongo ze-5G asuka ku-24 kuye ku-90 GHz, kodwa ngokuvamile afinyelela phezulu cishe ku-53 GHz. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamagagasi e-Millimeter ekuqaleni bekulindeleke ukuthi zinikeze isivinini sedatha esheshayo kuma-smartphones emadolobheni, kodwa selokhu zithuthele emacaleni okusetshenziswa okuminyana kakhulu njengezinkundla. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukufinyelela okungenantambo (i-FWA) amasevisi e-inthanethi namanethiwekhi angasese.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-5G mmWave Ukuphuma okuphezulu kwe-5G mmWave kuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okukhulu (10 Gbps) okufika kumkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi esingu-2 GHz (akukho ukuhlanganisa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi). Lesi sici sifaneleka kakhulu amanethiwekhi anezidingo ezinkulu zokudlulisa idatha. I-5G NR iphinde inike amandla ukubambezeleka okuphansi ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okudlulisa idatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo we-5G kanye nomongo wenethiwekhi. Amanethiwekhi e-LTE ane-latency yama-millisecond angu-100, kuyilapho amanethiwekhi e-5G ene-latency ye-millisecond engu-1 nje.
Yini ekuchungechunge lwesignali ye-mmWave? Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsakazo (RFFE) ngokuvamile sichazwa ngokuthi yonke into phakathi kwe-antenna kanye nesistimu yedijithali ye-baseband. I-RFFE ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye ye-analog-to-digital yomamukeli noma umthumeli. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa isakhiwo esibizwa nge-direct conversion (zero IF), lapho isiguquli sedatha sisebenza khona ngqo kusiginali ye-RF.
Umfanekiso 1. Le 5G mmWave yesakhiwo seketango lokufakwayo isebenzisa amasampula e-RF aqondile; Ayikho inverter edingekayo (Isithombe: Incazelo emfushane).
Uchungechunge lwesignali yamagagasi emilimitha luqukethe i-RF ADC, i-RF DAC, isihlungi sokudlula okuphansi, isikhulisamandla samandla (PA), iziguquli zedijithali eziya phansi naphezulu, isihlungi se-RF, isikhulisi somsindo ophansi (LNA), kanye nejeneretha yewashi ledijithali ( CLK). Iluphu/i-voltage controlled oscillator ekhiywe ngesigaba (PLL/VCO) inikeza i-oscillator yasendaweni (LO) yeziguquli zaphezulu naphansi. Amaswishi (aboniswe kuMdwebo 2) axhuma uthi kumjikelezo owamukelayo noma owudluliselayo. Okungabonisiwe i-IC (BFIC) ekhanyayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ikristalu yohlu olunezigaba noma i-beamformer. I-BFIC ithola isignali ku-upconverter futhi iyihlukanise ibe iziteshi eziningi. Iphinde ibe nesigaba esizimele kanye nezilawuli zokuzuza esiteshini ngasinye sokulawula i-beam.
Lapho sisebenza ngemodi yokwamukela, isiteshi ngasinye sizoba nezilawuli zesigaba esizimele kanye nokuzuza. Lapho i-downconverter ivuliwe, ithola isignali futhi iyidlulisele nge-ADC. Ephaneli elingaphambili kunesikhulisamandla esakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-LNA futhi ekugcineni sishintshe. I-RFFE inika amandla i-PA noma i-LNA kuye ngokuthi ikwimodi yokudlulisa noma yokwamukela.
I-Transceiver Figure 2 ibonisa isibonelo se-RF transceiver esebenzisa isigaba se-IF phakathi kwe-baseband ne-24.25-29.5 GHz millimeter millimeter band. Lesi sakhiwo sisebenzisa i-3.5 GHz njenge-IF ehleliwe.
Ukuthunyelwa kwengqalasizinda engenantambo ye-5G kuzozuzisa kakhulu abahlinzeki besevisi nabathengi. Izimakethe eziyinhloko ezinikezwayo amamojula we-broadband yamaselula kanye namamojula okuxhumana we-5G ukuze kunikwe amandla i-Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT). Lesi sihloko sigxile esicini segagasi esiyimilimitha se-5G. Ezihlokweni ezizayo, sizoqhubeka nokuxoxa ngalesi sihloko futhi sigxile ngemininingwane eminingi ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zeketango lesignali ye-5G mmWave.
I-Suzhou Cowin ihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-antenna yeselula ye-RF 5G 4G LTE 3G 2G GSM GPRS, kanye nosekelo lokususa iphutha isisekelo se-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu kudivayisi yakho ngokunikeza umbiko ophelele wokuhlola othi, njenge-VSWR, inzuzo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nephethini yemisebe ye-3D.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2024